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Packaging material refers to the materials used to make various packaging containers and meet the requirements of product packaging, which is the material basis of commodity packaging. It is one of the important conditions for packaging design to understand and master the types, properties and uses of packaging materials and to choose packaging materials reasonably.

Selection principles of packaging material

The choice of materials is very important in packaging design. If the material is not appropriate, it will bring unnecessary losses to the enterprise. The choice of packaging materials should be decided according to the characteristics of the products themselves, and the basic principles of scientific, economic and environmental protection.

1.Based on product demand

The selection of materials is not arbitrary. First of all, the material should be selected according to the characteristics of the commodity, such as the form of the commodity (solid, liquid, etc.), whether it is corrosive and volatile, and whether it needs to be stored away from light. Secondly, we should consider the grade of the goods. The packaging materials of high-grade commodities or precision instruments should pay great attention to their aesthetic appearance and excellent performance; The packaging materials of mid-range commodities should pay equal attention to aesthetics and practicality; while the packaging materials of low-grade commodities should give priority to practicality.

2.Protection of the goods

Packaging materials should effectively protect the commodity, so it should have a certain strength, toughness and elasticity, to adapt to the impact of pressure, impact, vibration and other external factors.

3.Economical and environment-friendly

Packaging materials should be selected as far as possible from a wide range of sources, convenient, low-cost, recyclable, degradable, processing pollution-free materials, so as not to cause public hazards.

Common packaging materials and their performance characteristics

There is a wide variety of packaging materials. The most commonly used at present are paper, plastic, metal, glass, ceramics, natural materials, fiber products materials, composite materials and degradable new environmental protection materials.

1.Paper packaging materials

In the whole process of packaging design development, paper packaging material, as a common packaging material, has been widely used in production and living practice, from industrial products, electrical packaging, to handbags, gift boxes, from general packaging paper to composite packaging paper, all showing the charm of paper packaging materials.

Paper material processing is convenient, low cost, suitable for mass mechanized production and fine printing, and has the advantages of recycling, economic and environmental protection.

2.plastic packaging materials

Plastic is a kind of artificial synthetic polymer material. It is easy to be produced, and has good properties of water resistance, moisture resistance, oil resistance and insulation. With abundant raw materials, low cost and excellent performance, it has become the fastest developing packaging material in the world in the past 40 years and is one of the most important packaging materials in modern sales packaging.

3.Metal Packaging Materials

As one of the traditional packaging materials, metal is widely used in industrial product packaging, transportation packaging and sales packaging, and plays an important role in packaging materials.

4.Glass, ceramic packaging materials

1) glass

The basic materials of glass are quartz sand, caustic soda and limestone. It has the characteristics of high transparency, impermeability and corrosion resistance, non-toxic and tasteless, stable chemical performance and low production cost and can be made into transparent and translucent containers of various shapes and colors.

Glass is widely used in the packaging of oil, wine, food, beverage, jam, cosmetics, condiments and pharmaceutical products.

2) ceramic

Ceramics have good chemical stability and thermal stability, and can resist high temperature and the corrosion of various chemical drugs. Rapid changes in heat and cold have no effect on ceramics, no deformation and deterioration for years. It is an ideal packaging material for food and chemicals. Many ceramic packaging itself is a fine handicraft, and has a unique application value in the field of traditional packaging .

5.Natural packaging material

Natural packaging materials refer to animal skin, hair or plant leaves, stems, rods, fibers, etc., which can be used as packaging materials directly or simply processed into plates or sheets.

6.Fiber fabric packaging material

Fiber fabrics are soft, easy to print and dye, and can be reused and recycled. But its cost is higher, firmness is low, generally applicable to the inner packaging of the product, as filling, decoration, shockproof and other functions. Fiber fabric packaging materials on the market can be mainly divided into natural fiber, man-made fiber and synthetic fiber.

7.Composite Packaging Materials

Composite material is made of two or more kinds of materials through a certain method and technical means so that it has the characteristics of a variety of materials to make up for the shortcomings of a single material,forming a more perfect packaging material with comprehensive quality. Compared with traditional materials, composite materials have the advantages of saving resources, easy recycling, reducing production cost and reducing packaging weight, so it is more and more valued and advocated.

8.New environment-friendly degradable packaging materials

New environment-friendly materials are composite materials developed to alleviate white pollution, which are generally made by mixing trees or other plants. It is biodegradable and not easy to cause pollution, and is the main development direction of packaging materials in the future.